Data Transformation - 275 Words

Data Transformation (Essay Sample) Content: 1.Describe how data is transformed into information and how information is transformed into knowledge.Provide examples ofhowsoftware supports these transformations.Data refers to facts, opinions and other materials that are collected in the field to be used for analysis in order to gather relevant information. Data is transformed through processing which can be in form of sorting, calculating, organizing or other methods. The information that is got is put in books or other sources after which it is documented for knowledge. This knowledge is used to make decisions since it is a set of existing facts. This knowledge can be used to make new discoveries (Hayes-Roth, Waterman Lenat, 1983; Langley, Simon, Bradshaw Sytkow, 1987).2. Describe cloud computing. Explain three advantages and disadvantages for organizationsthat choose to use cloud computing versus owning and installing the software.Cloud computing is a term used to refer to a process where a program or applicat ions operates on a connected server which is not in the local area network using the internet. All data may also be stored in the cloud which is assumed to have unlimited storage. The advantages of cloud computing is that it is a cost efficient method to use, maintain and upgrade. In other words it is convenient since you can access data at your own will as long as there is an internet connection.It can also be used as a back-up of the information that is in the local area networks as it is secure and free from interruptions.The use of cloud computing is user and environmental friendly. This is because it uses very few resources from the environment.The disadvantages of Cloud Computing are as described below.Cloud computing is often associated with security breaches and weaknesses. In case the server is tampered or compromised, then a lot of personal and corporate data is compromised and susceptible to loss and fraud.Clouds computing usually have storage limiting capacities. This ca n be a setback especially to both big and medium enterprises.Technical issues and low speeds when uploading large documents is another hitch. These may be caused by slow networks or non-responding servers. This is also affected by the limited features in the cloud.3. Explain the Five-Component Framework.Using Starbucks, explain how each component is used, be detailedThe 5 components that are used in information system are as explained below: 1.Hardware: this refers to the physical elements of computing and includes the central processing unit (CPU), the monitor and all of its support equipments. Input, output and storage devices are also included. 2. Software: This refers to computer programs or applications that are used by the computer. They are a set of instructions that perform various functions as directed by the programmers. 3. Data: Data refers to facts are used by programs to produce useful information. It also refers to unprocessed and raw facts that has only been collected from the field but has not been modified.4. Procedures: Procedures are the policies that govern the operation of a computer system. These enable the functioning between the hardware and the computer software.5. People: This refers to individual persons who make it happen. This means that they operate the whole functioning of the system, then they table the results produced by the computer for making decisions.4. Describe why relational databases are more efficient AND effective for data management in organizations.How does the task ofrestructuring the datahelp to achieve these goals?Relational databases can process ad-hoc queries. These can be used to provide system reports that can be relied upon in terms of the data being managed within the organization.There is also object storage. This is done by creating a data representation of the object because relational databases only store data.To retrieve the object you would read the data from the database and then create the object, often referred to as restoring the object, based on that data. To store objects successfully in relational databases you need to learn how to map the schema of the object to the relational schema of the database.With a relational database you can implement some behavior within the database. This is done through stored procedures and/or stored functions that can be invoked internally within the database and often by external applications.There is concurrency control in terms of the way that the data is organized and input into the database with minimal or no repetitions at all.Restructuring the data is achieved by through the following: 1 Transaction control. A transaction is a collection of actions on your database which form a work unit. 2 Enforcing referential integrity. This is the assurance that a reference from one entity to another entity is valid.This ensures that the data in the tables is well organized and easier to operate on. This is done with the help of primary keys wit hin the tables in the database.5. Why is the security essential to the overall system plan for anorganization?How do IS managers ...

College Savings Success Stories the Rickman Family

Here at Savingforcollege.com, we provide families with information on the best ways to save early and often for college. To ensure that we are delivering an effective message, we encourage parents to share their stories in the ï ¿ ½How did you get your kids through college?ï ¿ ½ section of our message board. The forum was designed as a resource for families who are wondering how they will ever be able to afford college. Weï ¿ ½d like to thank all of the parents who have graciously contributed with details on what worked and what didnï ¿ ½t work for them, no matter where they are in the process. This is the first of a series of blog posts looking back at success stories that were shared via the message board. In the coming weeks, we will continue to highlight how real families have dealt with (and are currently dealing with) the rising costs of education. We all know saving for college can be tricky, so if you have any advice for families who are new to the game we would love to hear from you. Share your success story here! Congratulations to the Rickman Family on your college savings success! The Rickman Family Parents: Theresa and Dave Kids: Jessica, Tina, Jacen Location: Maryland, U.S. Savings strategy: 529 plan Original Post - January 6, 2014 "I have 3 children. My eldest daughter (Jessica) started down at FSU, which was running 35K a year between the sorority, the out of state tuition and room and board... I significantly drained the 529 account down during this initial period. At Christmas during her sophomore year I told her transfer to UMD, and I will pay for it, or you will have to get loans for the difference. UMD in-state is 5K for tuition a semester. She came home, which cut the costs from 35K to 17K a year (I did pay for an apartment). From then on it was in-state all the way. Second daughter (Tina) was accepted to UMD for spring, and freshman connection for fall. I was able to send her to LONDON with UMD in-state rates for freshman connection for LESS than I sent my first daughter down to FSU. In-state all the way. I have one more to put through, and I simply told them you are getting in to UMD and that is where you are going. Period. 135K is what I spent on the first kid. Second kid is much less because she is going in-state. One more kid to go (Jacen)... (hoping he gets in !)*. Make sure you multiple by 4 when you figure the numbers out, and by the number of children !" Update - April 7, 2014 *Jacen was accepted to UMD for Freshman connection (Spring) as well. He is also applying to study abroad for Fall with UMD (in London). Photo credit: Theresa Rickman Here at Savingforcollege.com, we provide families with information on the best ways to save early and often for college. To ensure that we are delivering an effective message, we encourage parents to share their stories in the ï ¿ ½How did you get your kids through college?ï ¿ ½ section of our message board. The forum was designed as a resource for families who are wondering how they will ever be able to afford college. Weï ¿ ½d like to thank all of the parents who have graciously contributed with details on what worked and what didnï ¿ ½t work for them, no matter where they are in the process. This is the first of a series of blog posts looking back at success stories that were shared via the message board. In the coming weeks, we will continue to highlight how real families have dealt with (and are currently dealing with) the rising costs of education. We all know saving for college can be tricky, so if you have any advice for families who are new to the game we would love to hear from you. Share your success story here! Congratulations to the Rickman Family on your college savings success! The Rickman Family Parents: Theresa and Dave Kids: Jessica, Tina, Jacen Location: Maryland, U.S. Savings strategy: 529 plan Original Post - January 6, 2014 "I have 3 children. My eldest daughter (Jessica) started down at FSU, which was running 35K a year between the sorority, the out of state tuition and room and board... I significantly drained the 529 account down during this initial period. At Christmas during her sophomore year I told her transfer to UMD, and I will pay for it, or you will have to get loans for the difference. UMD in-state is 5K for tuition a semester. She came home, which cut the costs from 35K to 17K a year (I did pay for an apartment). From then on it was in-state all the way. Second daughter (Tina) was accepted to UMD for spring, and freshman connection for fall. I was able to send her to LONDON with UMD in-state rates for freshman connection for LESS than I sent my first daughter down to FSU. In-state all the way. I have one more to put through, and I simply told them you are getting in to UMD and that is where you are going. Period. 135K is what I spent on the first kid. Second kid is much less because she is going in-state. One more kid to go (Jacen)... (hoping he gets in !)*. Make sure you multiple by 4 when you figure the numbers out, and by the number of children !" Update - April 7, 2014 *Jacen was accepted to UMD for Freshman connection (Spring) as well. He is also applying to study abroad for Fall with UMD (in London). Photo credit: Theresa Rickman

Personal Narrative The War Within Me Essay - 1496 Words

The war within me Do you know the feeling when something just isn’t right and you know that something bad is happening? Well I do. My first few months as an actual adult were full of many emotions, both amazing and horrible. The day I turned 18 I signed my contract to join the United States Army, and I wanted nothing more than to serve my country. The day I left for basic training was one of my most accomplished moments in my life up to that point. If I only knew that in only 10 days’ my entire world would come crashing down and there would be absolutely nothing I could do. After 5 years of taking care of my grandfather after he had a stroke and barely survived, I lost one of the most important people in my life. My grandfather passed away and that started the battle inside me. I spent the first 9 days of basic training just like everyone else, 50% terrified and 50% sleep deprived. It was almost like I was going through the motions without any real physical effort at all, but I think that is the same for everyone in the first month of basic training. I would call home every night to talk to my mother, sister, step dad, my dogs, and my grandfather to fill them in and collect any information from them in the few short moments I had nightly. Most of the conversations were of me being on speaker phone and everyone saying they loved and missed me and just how proud they were of me, but I never hung up before my grandfather could tell me the same stories of his basic trainingShow MoreRelatedAspects Of Inadequacies Throughout World War II Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesAspects of Inadequacies throughout World War II The state of America’s military forces at the outset of World War II can be summed up in one word: unprepared. Certainly that is the case witnessed on many levels at the attack at Pearl Harbor. Sailors rested on Sunday morning, unprepared for the sneak attack; commanders were off ship, enjoying golf or a leisurely breakfast, completely caught off-guard when the bombs fell; and the fleet itself was unprepared, with most of its ships at anchor in theRead MoreEssay on Louis de Bernieress Captain Corelli’s Mandolin1053 Words   |  5 PagesLouis de Bernieress Captain Corelli’s Mandolin Louis de Bernieres uses three principal techniques to portray the effects of war so powerfully in his book. These techniques are the powerful narrative, strong pictorial language, and black humour. Above all, the message is conveyed in the narrative, especially when Louis De Bernieres graphically describes the war’s impact on the soldiers who are fighting for their country. At first, the soldiers are united in their fight against the enemyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Private Yankee Doodle 1006 Words   |  5 Pageswas first published by Martin in 1830 with the title A Narrative of Some of the Adventures, Dangers and Sufferings of a Revolutionary Soldier, Interspersed with Anecdotes of Incidents That Occurred Within His Own Observation. In 1962, it was republished under the title Private Yankee Doodle, Being a Narrative of some of the Adventures, Dangers and Sufferings of a Revolutionary Soldier. In 2001 it was republished again under the title A Narrative of a Revolutionary Soldier. The reviews I found wereRead MoreThe Different Film Genres795 Words   |  3 Pagestransported to a dangerous environment while remaining in a safe location. Additionally, these action films transport me to another place and time, which I find thoroughly enjoyable because it allows me to see how directors believe these different things can be depicted on film. 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My interest was on the battle tactics of General Patton, someone I have looked up to since my undergraduate days. However, this rather large volume did a great job of showing me a different focus during this time, the British perspectives on the war and their assessment of the United States prior to America entrance in to the war in 1941. There is voluminous literature for the period 1937-1941 focusing on political, diplomaticRead MoreDouglas vs Stowe1650 Words   |  7 PagesExperience Prevail Over Fiction Before the Civil War, America was plagued with a complicated social quandary that incorporated individual, societal, political, economic, and religious principles. Its authorship includes Frederick Douglass and Harriet Beecher Stowe who dually challenges the legitimacy of slavery in their literature. While both Harriet Beecher Stowe’s â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin,† and Frederick Douglas’s â€Å"Narrative of the Life of an American Slave,† offer impelling accounts, regarding theRead MoreHeroism is a unique concept where the definition can be altered ever so slightly. There is the800 Words   |  4 PagesThere is the typical â€Å"war hero,† a person who has demonstrated an act of valor. Then there are the everyday heroes who perform everyday tasks in an attempt to benefit someone elses life. Either way the goal of a hero is to benefit a person or persons. The unique thing about heroes is at one point in time they were not heroes. Everyone has th e chance to be a hero at some point in their life. The question is not if they are going to become a hero it is when and how. Heroism to me is when a person putsRead MoreMaya Angelou Response Essay717 Words   |  3 Pagesrace war between whites and blacks has blighted American history since colonial times. In her essay â€Å"Graduation,† Maya Angelou recollects the experience of her eighth grade graduation in the 1930s to examine the personal growth of humans caught in the adversity of racial discrimination. Through narrative structure, selection of detail, and use of imagery, Angelou encourages young blacks to follow their ambitions with pride, despite what the â€Å"white man† thinks of them. Through her narrative structureRead MoreRun Lola Run by Tom Tykwer888 Words   |  4 Pagescontrol over one’s life and experiences than the individual’s themselves. The alternative narratives in Run Lola Run, gives the audience a clear understanding in ones mind that minor actions can have a vast impact on ones experiences. Tykwer challenges the traditional structure of films, with the use of this visual feature, in order to communicate the role of chance in one’s life. Each alternative narrative shows Lola with the same situation, however, there is a slight variation to Lolas journey

Periodical Essay Definition and Examples

A periodical essay is an essay (that is, a short work of nonfiction) published in a magazine or journal--in particular, an essay that appears as part of a series. The 18th century is considered the great age of the periodical essay in English. Notable periodical essayists of the 18th century include Joseph Addison, Richard Steele, Samuel Johnson, and Oliver Goldsmith. Observations on the Periodical Essay The periodical essay in Samuel Johnsons view presented general knowledge appropriate for circulation in common talk. This accomplishment had only rarely been achieved in an earlier time and now was to contribute to political harmony by introducing subjects to which faction had produced no diversity of sentiment such as literature, morality and family life.  (Marvin B. Becker, The Emergence of Civil Society in the Eighteenth Century. Indiana University Press, 1994) The Expanded Reading Public and the Rise of the Periodical Essay The largely middle-class readership did not require a university education to get through the contents of  periodicals and pamphlets written in a middle style and offering instruction to people with rising social expectations. Early eighteenth-century publishers and editors recognized the existence of such an audience and found the means for satisfying its taste. . . . [A] host of periodical writers, Addison and Sir Richard Steele outstanding among them, shaped their styles and contents to satisfy these readers tastes and interests. Magazines--those medleys of borrowed and original material and open-invitations to reader participation in publication--struck what modern critics would term a distinctly middlebrow note in literature.The most pronounced features of the magazine were its brevity of individual items and the variety of its contents. Consequently, the essay played a significant role in such periodicals, presenting commentary on politics, religion, and social matters among its many topics.  (Robert Donald Spector, Samuel Johnson and the Essay. Greenwood, 1997) Characteristics of the 18th-Century Periodical Essay The formal properties of the periodical essay were largely defined through the practice of Joseph Addison and Steele in their two most widely read series, the Tatler (1709-1711) and the Spectator (1711-1712; 1714). Many characteristics of these two papers--the fictitious nominal proprietor, the group of fictitious contributors who offer advice and observations from their special viewpoints, the miscellaneous and constantly changing fields of discourse, the use of exemplary character sketches, letters to the editor from fictitious correspondents, and various other typical features--existed before Addison and Steele set to work, but these two wrote with such effectiveness and cultivated such attention in their readers that the writing in the Tatler and Spectator served as the models for periodical writing in the next seven or eight decades.  (James R. Kuist, Periodical Essay. The Encyclopedia of the Essay, edited by Tracy Chevalier. Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997) The Evolution of the Periodical Essay in the 19th Century By 1800 the single-essay periodical had virtually disappeared, replaced by the serial essay published in magazines and journals. Yet in many respects, the work of the early-19th-century familiar essayists reinvigorated the Addisonian essay tradition, though emphasizing eclecticism, flexibility, and experientiality. Charles Lamb, in his serial Essays of Elia (published in the London Magazine during the 1820s), intensified the self-expressiveness of the experientialist essayistic voice. Thomas De Quinceys periodical essays blended autobiography and literary criticism, and William Hazlitt sought in his periodical essays to combine the literary and the conversational.  (Kathryn Shevelow, Essay. Britain in the Hanoverian Age, 1714-1837, ed. by Gerald Newman and Leslie Ellen Brown. Taylor Francis, 1997) Columnists and Contemporary Periodical Essays Writers of the popular periodical essay have in common both brevity and regularity; their essays are generally intended to fill a specific space in their publications, be it so many column inches on a feature or op-ed page or a page or two in a predictable location in a magazine. Unlike freelance essayists who can shape the article to serve the subject matter, the columnist more often shapes the subject matter to fit the restrictions of the column. In some ways this is inhibiting because it forces the writer to limit and omit material; in other ways, it is liberating, because it frees the writer from the need to worry about finding a form and lets him or her concentrate on the development of ideas.  (Robert L. Root, Jr., Working at Writing: Columnists and Critics Composing. SIU Press, 1991)

Legal Studies Assess the effectiveness of the Criminal...

Assess the effectiveness of the Criminal Justice System in dealing with young offenders. There are a few common reasons for young people to be involved in crime. These include poor parental supervision, drug and alcohol abuse, neglect and abuse, homelessness, negative peer associations and difficulties in school and employment. The criminal justice system effectively deals with young offenders through unique techniques to address the challenges of dealing with juvenile offending. Even though young offenders commit a large percentage of crime, they also have the highest likelihood to be rehabilitated and change their lifestyles as they mature. There are several factors influencing crime by young offenders including psychological and†¦show more content†¦Doli Incapax however, doesn’t end once a young person reaches the age of 10. From the ages of 10-14 it is a common law presumption that a minor does not possess the necessary knowledge to have a criminal intention. This is known as a rebuttable presumption. This presumption lies in favour of the young perso n just as if they were under the age of 10, however, the other party can rebut it if they are able to show sufficient evidence to disprove this. This can be done a fair few ways. One of the ways to rebut Doli Incapax is by looking at the young persons criminal record. Previous offences that are linked to the present offence (e.g. robbery and assault) can be used to rebut Doli Incapax. Another way to rebut Doli Incapax is by interviewing the young person. This must be done so however, in the presence of an adult, if it not, the evidence may be inadmissible in court. The interview process will involve a police officer questioning the juvenile about their knowledge of the offence. If the juvenile admits they were aware that the offence was a criminal matter, Doli Incapax is rebutted. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CROC) supports this idea of the age of criminal responsibility and Australia has ratified legislations proposed referring to this idea. The Childre n (Criminal Proceedings) Act 1987 (NSW) lays out the minimum age of criminal responsibility, although there are occasional debates within the public to reduce this age. Doli Incapax isShow MoreRelatedIncarceration: Prison and Inmates10532 Words   |  43 PagesINTRODUCTION Law enforcement officers are authorized by federal, state, and local lawmakers to arrest and confine persons suspected of crimes. The judicial system is authorized to confine persons convicted of crimes. This confinement, whether before or after a criminal conviction, is called incarceration. Incarceration is one of the main forms of punishment for the commission of illegal offenses. Juveniles and adults alike are subject to incarceration. Incarceration is the detention of a personRead MoreFemale Criminality11608 Words   |  46 Pagesï » ¿Female Criminals Assignment Female Criminality consists of several outdated statistics regarding the rise of female offending. However, in viewing the current research on the subject, it appears that the overall theme of this dissertations discussion is still relevant despite changes in the accompanying statistics as seen in viewing the following topics: the rise in female offending; the continual rise that females are committing more crimes than men; and the types of crimes that women are committingRead MoreEpekto Ng Polusyon19213 Words   |  77 Pages page: 38-41 Appendices Appendix 1: The Freedom Programme page: 42 Appendix 2: Stockton Doves page: 43 Appendix 3: Example Questions page: 44 Appendix 4: Information Sheet page: 45 Appendix 5: Consent Form: Study 1 page: 46 Appendix 6: Consent Form: Study 2 page: 47 Appendix 7: Example of transcribed Interview page: 48-55 Abstract Domestic violence is defined in many ways and is subject to many stereotypical and false presumptions that contribute to the stigmatisationRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Legal Regime For The Better Future Of Children Essay6622 Words   |  27 PagesCritical Analysis of Legal Regime for the better Future of Children â€Å"Childhood shows the man As morning shows the day† -John Milton in ‘Paradise Regained ’ Abstract Children like mirror, which reflect the future image of a nation. Children are not only the future of any nation but also strength in reserve. If they are healthy and active, educated and informed, disciplined andRead MoreJuvenile Deliquency in Ibadan, Nigeria15127 Words   |  61 Pagesemployment, breakdown of the family unit, inadequate provision of social services and inability of the educational system to respond to new challenges. From the word â€Å"juvenile delinquency†, â€Å"juvenile† means young people while delinquency means young offenders that are guilty of minor crime or misdeed. Juvenile delinquency as defined by Carter and Hill (1979) means offences committed by young people – theft, smuggling, prostitution, drug trafficking, robbery, raping, violence etc.while Oxford AdvancedRead MoreResearch Report on Impact of Time Management11320 Words   |  46 PagesCHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study The public image of the police is measured a number of different ways. Sometimes surveys ask about â€Å"local† police, police in â€Å"your neighborhood† or police in â€Å"your area,† while other surveys ask about the police as a general institution. The terminology used to gauge public support also varies widely, with questions asking about whether respondents â€Å"approve of† or â€Å"trust† the police, have â€Å"confidence in† or â€Å"respect for† the police, or whetherRead MoreDomestic violence Essay examples7765 Words   |  32 PagesDomestic violence can take many forms, including physical aggression or assault, or threats thereof; sexual abuse; controlling or domineering; intimidation; stalking; passive/covert abuse; and economic deprivation. It can also mean endangerment, criminal coercion, kidnapping, unlawful imprisonment, trespassing, and harassment. In recent years, strangulation in the context of DV has received significant attention. It is now recognized as one of the most lethal forms of DV; yet, because of the lackRead MoreEffectiveness of Pccr Review Center19276 Words   |  78 PagesEFFECTIVENESS OF PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY REVIEW CENTER A Thesis Presented to the Faculty College of Criminology Philippine College of Criminology In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements in Criminological Research and Statistic Leading to the Degree Bachelor of Science in Criminology BY: Section:4-B2 MYRA M. EVANGELISTA CHRIZAN KARL T. GARCIA MELJHON D. OBEJAS ANTHONY Q. AMORES WELMAR C. 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Thanks also to Kirk Johnson for his assistance in locating criminal data sets. Framing the User: Social Constructions of Marijuana Users and the Medical Marijuana Movement ABSTRACT Social movements are continuously engaged in the act of framing. Whether it is to present their message in a positive light or

Timeline and World War I Study Guide Essay - 794 Words

Timeline â€Å"Birth of a Nation† D.W. Griffin is a movie based on a play with the setting during the civil war. It is about to opposite families living in the Northern states and the Southern states. â€Å"Black Jack† Pershing, also name John J. Pershing was a general of the army during the WWI. He holds the record of the highest rank in the army. Anthracite Coal Strike was a kind of violent protest against mine owners. It was basically over the pay wages and hours worked. Article X was basically a document created to link nations together. It was unsuccessful in ratifying because of politicians opinions. Ballinger Pinchot Affair was a feud that separated republican politicians because of revenue being made separate from legal transactions.†¦show more content†¦Great White Fleet was the U.S. Navy’s exploration of the world. This was a voyage that was told to be taken by Roosevelt for interaction with the world. Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty was an agreement between the U.S. and the founders of the Panama Canal. It basically gave the United States permission to help create and construct the Panama Canal. Henry Cabot Lodge was against immigration. He was a republican senator. Insular Cases were decisions made on territory from the Spanish American war. This basically established islands off the south coast of Florida. insurgent’s revolt was the revolution for the Philippines. It was violent protest for Philippine independence. International Workers of the World was basically a workers union. It was to help everyone in need of job help. Irreconcilables were the people that opposed the Treaty of Versailles. These were the people that try their best not to get the treaty passed. Keating-Owen Child Labor Act was an act that mainstreamed child labor. It was to help child labor period. League of Nations was a agreement to end the first world war. It was mainly to make calm was at the time chaotic. Lusitanian Moral Diplomacy was an organized way to invest into a country that was just like them. Only to benefit themselves though. New Freedom was created by the President Wilson. It was a campaign strategy. It was said to create a weak involvement of the government.Show MoreRelatedThe Arab Spring in Egypt1200 Words   |  5 Pages　　The Arab Spring is an extremely prominent issue today. This refers to the series of protests and civil wars that have been occurring in the Arab World due to discontent with government, human rights violations, poverty, and other factors. Countries where this is an issue include Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain, Syria, Algeria, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, and Sudan. One of the countries hit hardest by the revolution was Egypt. 　　What is often called â€Å"the spark that started it all,† occurredRead MoreHow Does the Representation of Women Change Between 1930-1960 on the Covers of Vogue?1554 Words   |  7 PagesThe perception of women has changed in the last century, because of the changes in the economy, lifestyles and the home. I am going to find out how women have changed between 1930 and 1960 and the effect Vogue has had on women’s lives. Vogue has not only contributed to the acceptance of trends in the fashion and beauty industry, but in addition has become a reward in the changed in cultural thinking, actions and dress of women. 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Who wins / Who Loses Through Globalization

Question: Discuss Who wins / Who loses through Globalization. For example, there are probably at least 4 Stakeholders: Con Edison customers, Con Edison stockholders, Indian workers depicted in the factory, foundry workers in the United States. Some people suggest this is how England and the United States became economic powerhouses (and newcomer China), that is, on the backs of prior generations. Do you think there is a role for laws and legislation to prevent or minimize working conditions depicted above? Answer: Globalisation has become so pervasive in the last two decades that it has transformed the economic activities in both the developed and the developing world. The seemingly low value manufacturing activities are increasingly being outsourced to developing countries particularly India and China due to the low labour cost and lax labour norms. However, this has profound implications for a plethora of stakeholders situated both in the developed and the developing world. There is a point to review such outsourcing in wake of the likely future implications of these activities for the various stakeholders involved (Iqbal and Dad, 2013). In wake of this background, the given case of outsourcing of manhole covers manufacturing needs to be analysed. In the given case, there are primarily the following stakeholders that may be identified. Con Edison Customers Con Edison Stockholders Indian workers working in the foundry factory Owners of foundry factory in India Foundry workers in the US Con Edison Customers Since the manufacturing of manhole covers is outsourced to India, the customers are able to get the product with the requisite specifications at the cheapest cost. At one level this is advantageous for the customers since the price is minimised but at the same time it is disturbing to see that these manufactured in such inhuman conditions. As a result, there may be tendency on the part of customers not to accept such products and even be willing to pay a token incremental amount to ensure that worker safety norms are adhered. Con Edison Stockholders In the short term, Con Edison stockholders must be pleased since the company is able to minimise the costs by sourcing quality manholes from India. As a result, they are able to maximise the profits of the companies. However, in the modern business world underlying ethics and CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) play a critical role for stockholders as it ensures sustainability of the business. However, such practices as have been shown in the pictures leave the impression that the company is concerned only about lowest costs even at the expense of human life and dignity. Clearly, such practices do not auger well for the company in the long-term since the customers may start looking at alternative options and hence would be detrimental to the interest of the stockholders. Indian workers working in the foundry factory For the Indian workers it is beneficial to an extent since they are able to get an employment and thus able to feed their family. This is critical especially in a country like India where social security arrangements are typically lacking and thus people have to depend on their own earnings for a plethora of basic necessities. However, the downside is with regards to worker safety and the hostile work conditions in which these workers have to work and the long term implications of these on the worker health that needs to be ascertained. However, despite these hostile conditions the workers rarely compliant since they are aware that they would be readily replaced by other workers who need employment. Owners of foundry factory in India The owners of foundry factory in India are benefited by the contracts they obtain from Con Edison. This is primarily because these are able to earn a hefty profit because of the low wages given to the workers. Also, they provide employment to the otherwise unemployed people and thus enable livelihood for these. Hence, it is a win-win situation for the foundry factory owner in India. Foundry workers in the US- These are negatively impacted by the sourcing of the contracts to cheap destinations such as India. These contracts do not consider the difference in the provisions for the workers security and the incremental cost. Further, as a result of unemployment amongst the foundry workers, future supply of foundry workers would be adversely impacted. Additionally, the US government needs to provide greater support to those unemployed because of the outsourcing. It can be concluded from the above discussion that globalisation does not result in win-win situation for all stakeholders. Further, for the key stakeholders, it is at times a mix of both with potential gains in the short term but these are overturned in the long term. As, a result it is imperative that the various stakeholders including the government should play a more constructive role so as to ensure that not only that gains overweigh the cost but also that these should be sustainable in the long run. It is imperative that the outsourcing contracts should contain clauses about worker safety and other working conditions similar to that in the west so that these operations are not carried out as sweat shops (Iqbal and Dad, 2013). Additionally, the governments also need to play a more proactive role with regards to regulation of industries especially those in the organised sector since these do not follow the requisite safety norms. A collective effort from the government and the co mpanies that outsource these contracts is required in order to improve the working situation of the workers (Sardana, 2012). Further, globalisation can result in a success story provided all the stakeholders are responsible. The wage levels in developing nations are comparatively very low as compared to the developed nations. Thus, even after discounting for the poor regulatory environment, there are gains to be made for outsourcing companies in the West as a significant differential would still be maintained. With regards to laws and regulations, more than the introduction of new laws, it is required that the current laws should be applied with more strictness and should be applied to unorganised sector may be in a diluted form as they form a significant portion of the overall manufacturing capabilities in the developing world (Sardana, 2012). References Iqbal, Z. and Dad, A.M. (2013), Outsourcing: A Review of Trends, Winners Losers and Future Directions, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(8), 91-107 Sardana, MMK (2012), HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORKPLACES IN INDIA, Retrieved December 15, 2015 https://isidev.nic.in/pdf/DN1204.pdf